Globalization and Environmental Issues from a Political Geography Perspective: A Narrative Literature Review on Sovereignty, Environmental Geopolitics, and Ecological Governance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65430/jssm.v1i4.70Keywords:
geografi politik, geopolitik lingkungan, kedaulatan, globalisasi, ekologi politik, Wawasan NusantaraAbstract
Globalization has transformed environmental issues such as climate change, deforestation, and marine degradation into matters of power, territory, and sovereignty. This article examines how the political geography literature explains the relationship between globalization, environmental issues, and state sovereignty, as well as its implications for Indonesia as a developing archipelagic nation. The study employs a narrative literature review. Sources were identified through Scopus, Google Scholar, and SINTA/Garuda, selected purposefully, and then synthesized thematically; the final corpus consists of 23 journal articles, 10 books, and 6 policy documents or reports. This review identified four themes: a shift from classical geopolitics to environmental geopolitics; the deterritorialization of ecological threats; the securitization of climate and strategic resources; and power asymmetries in green trade instruments such as the EUDR, CBAM, and IMO decarbonization regulations. The literature indicates that environmental governance is shaped by unequal power relations between the Global North and South; thus, an effective response requires the integration of macro-geopolitical analysis with micro-political ecology. For Indonesia, these findings support environmental diplomacy grounded in the Wawasan Nusantara framework, inclusive resource governance, and the integration of environmental geopolitics into geography and civics education.
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